August 27, 2009


An Antidote Against Memory Loss

The ICAIC News Reports and the Diary of Ann Frank figure among 33 documents recently added to UNESCO’s Memory of the World register.

Jaisy Izquierdo
jaisy@juventudrebelde.cu

A CubaNews translation by Mercedes Rosa Diaz.
Edited by Walter Lippmann.


To hoard old papers, photographs dampened with age, or many-folded letters is a strange mania that compels us, as human beings, to perpetuate our small personal history into the infinite.  Maybe it is because we remember that to nourish memory is to be conscious of our own existence; it serves as an elixir of immortality with which we cheat death and frighten it off with our own ghosts.

Of course, the truth is that not all ghosts are equal.  While some seem gigantic with a stellar halo of triumph, other, grayer ones haunt memory with faces darkened in pain.

Conscious of the presence of both types, UNESCO’s Memory of the World registry recently added 33 valuable works and collections to its fund.  The works were accepted based on their cultural interest and their contribution to the patrimonial documentary history of humanity.

And how many countless images of the past come to us through this archive against memory loss!

The image of an America convulsing in military dictatorships and revolutions is safely protected in the original negatives of Noticiero ICAIC Latinoamericano  (ICAIC’s Latin American news reports), which were produced weekly for 30 years (from 1960 to 1990).  The documentary materials have transcendent value not only because of the accumulation of information but because of their marked artistic intentions.

Headed up by master director Santiago Álvarez, Noticiero aired 1,493 editions, and include almost 3,000 black-and-white 35 mm films.  With notable national news briefs including the death of Benny Moré, Hurricane Flora, the Literacy campaign and the construction of the great ice-cream shop Coppelia, as well as international news reports like the Watergate scandal, the Vietnam War, apartheid in South Africa, the success of the Panama Canal and the presidency of Mexican president Lázaro Cárdenas, these reels have acquired universal worth by virtue of the fact that their valuable images integrate news from more than 91 countries.  
 
On the continent, these were decades marked by flaming hopes and bitter disappointments provoked by autocratic governments who for years dominated the Southern Cone like pharaohs.  It is a nightmare that is also inscribed on the Memory of the World thanks to Paraguay’s Archives of Terror.  These attest to the police repression that took place over the 35-year dictatorship of Alfredo Stressner, and give a glimpse into the sinister Operation Condor, undertaken during the 1970s by the military governments, which left a trail of assassinations and disappearances in its wake.

And, so as to prevent amnesia from dampening the memory of past despotism—like an overdose against forgetfulness—the Memory of the World also included the Documentary Heritage of Resistance and Struggle for Human Rights in the Dominican Republic (1930-1961) which offers a testimony to one of the world’s greatest tyrants, Rafael Leónidas Trujillo.

The racial discrimination that slowly strangles is seen with every photograph from Now magazine, part of the Nita Barrow Collection (Barbados), which banishes any thought of omitting discrimination from the record.  This distinguished woman was a nurse, educator, diplomat and feminist, was connected to such important movements as the fall of the Berlin Wall, the development of the Cuban Revolution and South Africa’s apartheid regime.  She worked tirelessly with Nelson Mandela to combat it.  

Likewise, the Sir William Arthur Lewis Papers provides us with an economic viewpoint of the continent.  More importantly, it demonstrates the triumph of having been the first African American to win the Nobel Prize in Economics and having been the first one to work as a professor at the University of Manchester in England.  Born on the tiny isle of Saint Lucia, Lewis contributed functional research regarding the economic and financial development of the Caribbean, Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

To complete the panoramic journey through America, one might discover what life was like on a plantation in the Bahamas as told in Farquharson’s Journal, the planter who owned the plantation in 1832.  Similarly, painful images of slavery and the maltreatment of blacks are protected in the Book for the Baptism of Slaves (1636-1670) from the Dominican Republic and the Registry of Slaves of the British Caribbean (1817-1834), which was developed to control the illegal importation of slaves after this inhuman trade was banned in Great Britain.

The legal document that gave carte blanche to licentious rampages by the colonists who conquered this side of the planet also was fit to be included.  The Santa Fe Capitulation is the first document ever written about America; it is the genesis of American history.  It details how the lands and riches discovered on Columbus’ first voyage of discovery would be divided between him and the catholic monarchs.   

The Memory of Horror

Our America holds dark memories, but other places throughout the globe hold recollections that are just as dark.  On the other side of the world, in southeast Asia, are the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum Archives (Cambodia).  Its documents and photographs are enough to unsettle even the most serene visitor.  The notorious S-21 prison has been converted into a museum that exhibits huge murals with photographs of victims before torture, during torture and after death.  One of the most eye-catching displays is a map of the nation made from the skulls of 300 prisoners.  Of the roughly 20,000 prisoners who were detained at the prison, only seven managed to escape.

Also unforgettable is the World War II era massacre of European Jews, during which five million men, women and children lost their lives.  Their experiences come in the form of one of the most well-known voices in world literature; that of a young girl who dreamed of being a writer, and who died three days before the liberation of Bergen-Belsen, the concentration camp where she had been interned with her sister. 

Those who have read the Diary of Anne Frank have been privy to her fears of having to live her entire life in hiding in an attic, her adolescent crush on Peter, and the hardships she and her family endured.  The text is one of the most profound testimonies to that era; it is perhaps most terrifying at the end, in the silence of that final, unfinished entry. 


Happy Memories

However, the trunk of the world’s memories is not just a Pandora’s Box of cruelty and misfortunes.  It also contains the tapestry of man’s cultural legacy, which we have been weaving for thousands of years.  It holds a treasure trove of accumulated knowledge, which we jealously guard with more than a hint of vainglory.

Under this category we find in the registry the Song of the Nibelungs which is without a doubt the most celebrated poem written in Middle High German.  It is comparable to other famous epics, like Gilgamesh (Babylon), El Cantar de Mio Cid (Spain) or the Heike Monogatari (Japan).

The poem relates the story of Siegfried, a dragon-slayer who bathed in dragon blood in order to become invulnerable.  Unbeknownst to him, the leaf of a linden tree fell on his back, and the small patch of skin that the leaf covered did not come into contact with the dragon's blood, leaving him vulnerable in that single spot.    

King Siegfried possessed the treasure of the Nibelungs, among which is a cape that renders its wearer invisible and a ring that grants him dominion of the world.  Its plot was an inspiration to Richard Wagner, who wrote four operas commonly grouped under the title The Ring of the Nibelungs.  It also served as an inspiration to John Ronald Ruel Tolkien, who melded it with other Nordic and Germanic legends to create his trilogy, Lord of the Rings.  

From the east, it was imperative to include Donguibogam: Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine (Republic of Korea), an encyclopedia of medicine published in 1613.  Its contents include the ideals of preventive medicine and public health care by the state, two concepts that were virtually unknown to the rest of the world until the 19th century. 

Other indispensable additions are the Complete Works of Canadian Norman McLaren, the most influential animator in the history of animation, and Appendix by János Bolyai, the Hungarian mathematician who discovered non-Euclidean geometry. 

Arabic culture is also represented in these archives that deserve to be protected from the inexorable passage of time.  It is the Inscribed Stone of Terengganu, an archeological jewel that constitutes the earliest evidence of Jawi writing—which is based on the Arabic alphabet—in the Malaysian Muslim world.

These documents, along with other invaluable items, make up the collection of UNESCO’s 33 most distinguished representations of humanity.  They are a synopsis of our passage on this earth, and simultaneously, they are a scream of hope that assures us that if we do not forget the past, we will be stronger tomorrow, and won’t become just a distant memory in the history of the planet.

http://www.juventudrebelde.cu/cultura/2009-08-22/antidoto-contra-la-desmemoria/
   
   

El diario de Ana Frank y el director cubano de los Noticieros ICAIC, Santiago Álvarez Fotos: Juventud Rebelde

Desarrollado por: Grupo de desarrollo de Juventud Rebelde

Director: Rogelio Polanco Fuentes. Subdirectores editoriales: Pelayo Terry, Herminio Camacho y Ricardo Ronquillo

21 de octubre del 2002
ISSN 1563-8340 © Copyright Juventud Rebelde